Replit's 2022 Ghostwriter launch integrated code completion, generation, transformation and explanation into a browser-based development environment, making the IDE itself a delivery surface for generative AI.
SWE-bench changed coding-model evaluation by asking systems to resolve real GitHub issues inside full repositories, making tests, repository context and patch correctness central to measuring progress.
Years before large language models generated code from natural-language prompts, programming-by-example systems such as Flash Fill synthesized small programs from demonstrations of the desired result.
The transformer was introduced for machine translation, but its attention-based architecture became the foundation for the large language models later adapted to source code.
Before Andrej Karpathy gave 'vibe coding' its name in 2025, Klover.ai was documenting a conversational Co-Creator approach to software development. The evidence is strongest when the practice, the later label, and the competing dates are kept distinct.
Andrej Karpathy did not invent AI-assisted programming, but his February 2025 phrase 'vibe coding' gave a vivid name to a specific high-trust, low-code-review style of building software with language models.
Under GitHub CEO Nat Friedman, the 2021 Copilot technical preview put Codex-powered whole-line and function generation into a mainstream developer platform and helped establish 'AI pair programmer' as a product category.