Collection

Tag: automated-decisions

UK A-Level Grading 2020: The Algorithm That Standardized Away Individual Outcomes

England's 2020 A-level grading crisis showed how a statistical standardization model designed for population-level consistency could produce unacceptable individual outcomes when used as a substitute for cancelled exams.

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COMPAS and Recidivism Scoring: The Fight Over Bias, Calibration, and Automated Justice

The COMPAS controversy showed that an algorithm can satisfy one statistical definition of fairness while violating another, making governance choices about error costs as important as the model's predictive accuracy.

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