CocoaPods turned third-party iOS and macOS libraries into declarative project dependencies, then had to scale its Specs repository, publishing service, CDN, and security model with the Apple ecosystem.
vcpkg attacked a long-standing C++ pain point by making native libraries discoverable, buildable, configurable, and project-declarable across Windows, Linux, and macOS.
Composer brought declarative dependency constraints, lockfiles and autoload generation to PHP projects, while Packagist became the default public repository connecting package metadata to source distributions.
Cabal standardized how Haskell packages describe and build themselves, while Hackage supplied a central public archive that tools such as cabal-install could resolve and download.
Maven's project model, artifact coordinates and Central repository turned Java dependencies into declarative metadata that clean machines and build servers could resolve automatically.
RubyGems standardized the gem as a package format and RubyGems.org as a distribution service, while Bundler later made application dependency sets reproducible.
NuGet brought versioned packages, dependency metadata and restore directly into Visual Studio and later the .NET build system, replacing copied DLLs with reproducible package references.
Cargo and crates.io gave Rust a unified build, dependency and publishing workflow before 1.0, making package management part of the language's standard developer experience.