Collection

Tag: integrated-circuits

Apollo Guidance Computer: The Software-and-Silicon Investment Behind Computerized Flight

The Apollo Guidance Computer was a concentrated public investment in embedded computing, integrated circuits, and ultra-reliable software whose spillovers reached far beyond the Moon program.

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Minuteman and Integrated Circuits: The Government Procurement Bet That Accelerated Silicon

Minuteman II turned military procurement into demand for integrated circuits at production scale, helping move microelectronics from experimental devices toward an industrial market.

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