Google Photos' 2015 misclassification of Black users as gorillas showed how an image-recognition error can become a severe product harm when taxonomy, training, evaluation, and mitigation are not designed around unequal consequences.
Amazon's abandoned recruiting model showed how machine learning can reproduce historical workforce patterns, turning biased training signals into apparently objective candidate rankings even when protected attributes are not explicit inputs.
Microsoft's Tay experiment showed how a public conversational agent could be manipulated through coordinated interaction, exposing weaknesses in abuse testing, response controls, and deployment boundaries.