From punched cards to autonomous collaborators: the ideas, people, languages and systems that taught machines to follow—and increasingly interpret—human intent.
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The actor model reframed concurrent computation around independent entities that receive messages, change behavior and send messages rather than sharing one call stack.
Erlang combined lightweight isolated processes, asynchronous messages and supervisory recovery into a programming model designed for long-lived telecom systems.
MPI turned a fragmented landscape of parallel message-passing libraries into a portable standard that could span supercomputers, clusters and scientific applications.