GitHub Spark explored whether natural language could become a complete path from idea to hosted micro-app, then was retired as GitHub consolidated app-building work into broader Copilot agent workflows.
Andrej Karpathy did not invent AI-assisted programming, but his February 2025 phrase 'vibe coding' gave a vivid name to a specific high-trust, low-code-review style of building software with language models.
Anton Osika's GPT Engineer explored a simple 2023 proposition—describe software in natural language and let an AI produce a project—then evolved into Lovable, a product aimed at letting non-programmers build deployable applications through conversation.