THE LIVING ARCHIVE

From punched cards to autonomous collaborators: the ideas, people, languages and systems that taught machines to follow—and increasingly interpret—human intent.

PAST / PRESENT / NEXT

Collection

Tag: surface-normals

Jim Blinn and Bump Mapping: Adding Surface Detail Without More Geometry

Jim Blinn's 1978 bump-mapping method perturbed surface normals instead of adding polygons, producing convincing wrinkles and roughness while keeping the underlying geometry unchanged.

↗