THE LIVING ARCHIVE

From punched cards to autonomous collaborators: the ideas, people, languages and systems that taught machines to follow—and increasingly interpret—human intent.

PAST / PRESENT / NEXT

Collection

Tag: transaction-processing

IBM IMS and the Hierarchical Database Model Before Relational Systems

IBM's IMS grew from an Apollo-era parts-tracking problem into a durable hierarchical database and transaction-processing system, illustrating both the strengths and constraints of navigational data models before relational databases.

↗